Abstract
In the British Isles A. pratensis is largely confined to shallow, dry soils over calcareous bedrock, with A. pubescens, although not so strictly confined to calcareous substrata, nevertheless being favoured by these, but usually found on soils which are deeper and more moist. In addition to calcareous grasslands A. pratensis is found on cliffs, screes and quarries, and here its deep (up to 50 cm) roots, growing straight down, provide a firm achorage and access to water in the oftne droughty conditions prevailing. In contrast A. pubescens is a shallow-rooting species (up to 20 cm), and its roots form a plate with horizontal rather than vertical growth, generally unsuitable for colonizing cliffs, screes, etc (...)
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