Abstract

RESUMO Ligamentos adaptam-se de acordo com a intensidade da atividade física e carga mecânica a que são submetidos. Na última década, na área da fisioterapia neurofuncional infantil, têm surgido métodos e protocolos que possuem em comum o termo suit para caracterizar a existência de vestimentas com bandas elásticas ajustáveis e a possibilidade da aplicação de carga sobre o esqueleto humano. Visto que a carga mecânica pode produzir alterações fibrocartilaginosas sobre os ligamentos e que não foram encontrados estudos avaliando o efeito da terapia suit sobre os ligamentos da coluna, justificam-se pesquisas com métodos experimentais de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as espessuras e morfologia dos ligamentos longitudinais da coluna de ratos Wistar quando submetidos à carga mecânica por compressão vertebral. Trinta animais foram separados em cinco grupos (G1 - controle; G2 - simulação do uso de suit; G3, G4 e G5 - manutenção da vestimenta). Ao modelo experimental do suit, em G4 e G5, foram adaptados pesos ou elásticos dispostos em "X" para sobrecarga vertebral de 50% do peso do animal, que permaneceram com a vestimenta por 40 horas ao longo de 4 semanas de experimento, 5 dias por semana. Não houve diferenças significativas para a espessura, assim como não foram observadas mudanças morfológicas nos ligamentos longitudinais. Conclui-se que não houve alterações nos ligamentos longitudinais da coluna em animais submetidos ao modelo experimental de suit terapia.

Highlights

  • The joints between the vertebrae are strengthened and supported by ligaments, and among them are the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), extending from the cervical spine to the sacrum[1]

  • This dynamic behavior suggests that cells are able to detect changes in the mechanical load and to coordinate their response to change the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM)

  • The methods that use the suit therapy, were designed in the project known as “Penguin suit”, developed by the space program of Russia that was used by astronauts in space flights to counteract the harmful effects of weightlessness and hypokinesia

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Summary

Introduction

The joints between the vertebrae are strengthened and supported by ligaments, and among them are the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), extending from the cervical spine to the sacrum[1]. Ligaments adapt to the intensity of physical activity, and may hypertrophy or atrophy, in such a way that they may change the resistance in response to exercise or immobilization[2] This dynamic behavior suggests that cells are able to detect changes in the mechanical load and to coordinate their response to change the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Ligaments have low supply of oxygen and nutrients, low cell density,and poor regenerative capacity.they experience some of the highest mechanical loads of the body. When these loads exceed a critical threshold, injuries may occur, resulting in morphofunctional changes and disorder of movements[5]. Ligaments are functional (effective) under stress or stretch, without compression or functionality when shortened beyond their rest threshold[2]

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