Avaliação do uso de monensina sódica em rações de vacas leiteiras: desempenho produtivo e resíduos no leite

Abstract

GANDRA, J. R. Evaluation of use of sodic monensin in dairy cows rations: Productive performance and milk residues. [Avaliacao do uso de monensina sodica em racoes de vacas leiteiras: desempenho produtivo e residuos no leite]. 2009. 93 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinaria) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 2009. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of sodic monensin in ration for dairy cows on nutrients intake, total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial protein synthesis, blood parameters and milk monensin residues. Twelve Holstein cows were allocated in four balanced Latin squares 3x3, and fed with the following rations: 1) control (C), basal diet without sodic monensin addition, 2) monensin 24 (M24), addition of 24 mg/kg DM of monensin in the ration, added to concentrate, and 3) monensin 48 (M48), addition of 48 mg/kg DM of monensin in the ration, added to concentrate. Daily weights of the amounts of corn silage and concentrated supplied, and the orts refused of each animal, were recorded for estimate the nutrient intake. Samples of orts and feedstuffs were analyzed for composition and subsequent nutrient intake calculation. For determination of total apparent digestibility of nutrients, the total amount of fecal dry matter excreted was estimate by indigestible detergent acid fiber (ADFi). The feces were collected in the 13 and 16 days of each experimental period, always before milking at morning and at afternoon, and frozen in freezer at -20C , and in the end of the collection period it was made composed sample by animal with base in the dry matter, and analyzed. The milk yield and dry matter intake were measured daily during the experimental period. The samples used for analysis of milk composition were collected from two alternated days, and from the two daily milkings. Samples of ruminal fluid were collected with use of esophageal probe into two times, before (zero time) and three hours after morning fed (three time). Were determining pH, ammonia nitrogen and short chain fatty acids in ruminal fluid. The samples used for analysis of allantoin in milk were collected from two alternate days, and from the two daily milkings. The spot samples of urine were obtained from all cows in the 16 day of each experimental period, four hours after the morning feeding during urination stimulated by massage on the vulva. The samples of blood were collected in tubes vacuolizade (vacutainer) for puncture of the vein and/or artery coccygeal. The monensin use in the rations resulted in decrease (P 0.05) of the experimental rations on the coefficients of total apparent digestibility of the dry matter and nutrients. The sodic monensin in the rations were reduced (P 0.05) were observed between rations for milk fat, protein, lactose, total dry and non fat extract composition, and body weight and body condition score (P>0.05). The pH and concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen were not different (P>0.05) for different levels of sodic monensin used in rations, in both times of collection. However, there was effect (P 0.05) in total daily excretion of urine, allantoin and uric acid in urine, allantoin in milk, and total purine derivatives. Not was observed effect (P>0.05) of experimental rations on the percentage of allantoin on total purines, purines absorbed, and in microbial nitrogen. It was observed effect (P 0.05) in the blood parameters. It was observed effect (P 0, 05) of experimental rations for nitrogen balance, in g/day or in percentage of total nitrogen. The detected residues of sodic monensin in milk was smaller that the maximum limit established for FAO/WHO. The utilization of sodic monensin in midlactaion dairy cow, feed corn silage, improves de productive performance and do not result in residues in milk that prejudiced the human health. Keyword: Dairy cows. Sodic monensin. Intake. Milk yield and composition. Milk residues.