Avaliação de hábitos alimentares de estudantes universitários da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane na cidade de Maputo

Abstract

Introduction: Food is fundamental to human life, and the form of food consumption depends on where the individual lives, works, or studies. Objectives: The aim of the research was to assess the dietary habits of university students from the Veterinary Faculty of Eduardo Mondlane University, with a focus on characterising their socioeconomic profiles, to derive knowledge about healthy eating, to describe food consumption practices, and to identify factors that influence students’ dietary preferences. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study for convenience. Data collection was performed online, and an adapted questionnaire was applied, inspired by the dietary guide that contains steps towards a healthy diet. The results of the socioeconomic profiles and dietary influences were compared with similar studies and the literature was explored. Knowledge about healthy eating and food consumption was compared and classified according to food guidelines. Simple descriptive statistics were used. Results: Forty-eight (48) students participated in the study, mostly male (54%), single (96%), not on a scholarship (87%), and from families with incomes below the minimum wage (56%). They were found to have general knowledge of healthy eating (60%) but did not eat properly. Most students (96%) had the habit of performing extra activities during mealtime, did not read the nutritional information on food labels before purchasing items (71%), and did not take part in suitable physical activity (92%). Most students did not add more salt after serving meals at the table (52%) and did not consume alcoholic beverages (60%). It was also found that socioeconomic aspects, hygienic-sanitary quality, culture, and religion were determinants of food choices and that university entry led to changes. Conclusion: The students had inadequate eating habits but reported an intention to change their diets after completing their course, with the aim of increasing their family income.