Avaliação de dislipidemia e de índices antropométricos em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1

Abstract

Intensive insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes is resulting in a better clinic and metabolic control. On the other hand, an increase in overweight and obesity prevalence, which could contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, has been observed. The aim of our study is to analyze the demographics, clinical and laboratorial factors associated to the presence of dyslipidemia in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes compared to a non-diabetic population. We have studied 72 type 1 diabetics: 52.8% female, aged 22.7 +/- 9.6 years old, with a body mass index (BMI) of 21.1 +/- 3.1 Kg/m2 and 66 non-diabetic patients: 60.6% female, aged 23.1 +/- 10.9 years old and a BMI of 22.12 +/- 3.7 Kg/m2. The group included 13 children (6 with type 1 diabetes), 47 adolescents (23 with type 1 diabetes) and 78 adults (43 with type 1 diabetes). We have found in the adult population with type 1 diabetes a lower overweight prevalence and lower levels of apoB (p< 0.01) and a higher apoA/apoB ratio (p< 0.01) when compared to the non-diabetic population. We have not found difference in the lipid profile in adult groups. Diabetic children and adolescents had higher frequency of total cholesterol (p= 0.02 and p< 0.01, respectively) and LDL-cholesterol (p= 0.02 and p= 0.01 respectively) above the upper limit when compared to the non-diabetic group. We concluded that the conventional methods for detecting lipids alterations in outpatients with type 1 diabetes under routine care are not sufficient to identify the lipid alterations, which could be related to the higher risk of cardiovascular disease in adult population.