Avaliação da irradiação solar e do potencial fotovoltaico na envoltória de edifícios residenciais

Abstract

In a country with great potential of solar irradiation the grid-connected photovoltaic system becomes a promising alternative for electric energy generation close to the local of consumption. In 2012, the Brazilian National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) approved rules and standards for the installation of electricity generation systems integrated to the electricity distribution grid. The application of photovoltaic system on the envelope of the buildings in urban centers may be affected by the built density, higher buildings and consequent larger solar obstruction. For this reason the main goal of this research is to evaluate the application of photovoltaic system on the envelope of different residential buildings for electric power generation. The method was divided into three stages and had the following sequence: i) identification of residential typologies for the case studies; ii) analysis of incident solar availability in the envelopes of buildings, and iii) quantification of the potential for generating electric power. Three distinct residential buildings chosen for this study are located in the city of Blumenau, SC, Brazil. The building models were developed in Rhinoceros software and simulated using the plug-in Diva-4-Rhino that allowed through radiation maps, the quantification of annual solar irradiation in the opaque parts of these buildings. The results identified the roof (horizontal plane) as the plan better use of solar irradiation but with insufficient area to meet the demand of housing units and the facades (vertical plane) with enough area to meet the demand of the buildings but with the yield less than 50% when compared to the roof. It was also observed that the obstructions in the urban center reduce solar access, mainly on lower floors of buildings.