Avalanche effect and bit independence behaviors of double random phase encoding schemes

Abstract

In this paper, we present an overview of the avalanche and bit independence characteristics of double random phase encoding (DRPE) scheme in the virtual optical domains. DRPE apparently demonstrates outstanding bit independence property in both the Fourier and Fresnel domains. Experimental results validate that the DRPE performance in Fresnel domain surpasses the DRPE in Fourier domain by showing better avalanche effect characteristics. The avalanche effect result is remarkably poor for the DRPE in Fourier domain when only one bit of the plaintext or encryption key is altered. In contrast, DRPE in Fresnel domain shows adequate avalanche effect results regardless of how many numbers of bits are altered in the plaintext or in the encryption key.