Abstract
Fisheries and aquaculture management can have impacts on economic, social and environmental outcomes. Assessing alternative management options requires an understanding of the different trade-offs between these outcomes. Cost–benefit analysis provides a framework in which these trade-offs can be assessed, but requires all costs and benefits to be enumerated in monetary terms. However, some impacts associated with fisheries and aquaculture, particularly environmental, have no explicit monetary value, so they require non-market values to be derived. In this study, we identify and prioritize, through a stakeholder workshop, non-market values that are of the most relevance to Australian fisheries and aquaculture managers. We assess the potential of existing studies to provide appropriate values for use by managers through a detailed review of available studies. We found a deficiency in the number of recent studies across all priority areas. Non-market valuation of recreational fishing has attracted the most attention previously in Australia, but studies in the last five years were found in only half of the states. Other priority non-market values have been estimated in only one or two states, and most have no estimates within the last five years. The results of the study highlight the need for further research in this area.
Highlights
The marine environment produces a wide range of ecosystem services, many of which may be affected by fisheries management, but not necessarily considered in fisheries management decision-making
Thirteen different types of values were identified and agreed upon by workshop participants (Figure 2). These covered both use values (e.g., direct use values such as commercial fisher satisfaction, the value of an individual recreational fish, access to areas of water and water quality, non-extractive uses of marine resources such as scuba diving or swimming; cultural values such as recreational fishing and fish to Indigenous communities; amenity values affected by aquaculture development or fishing activities; and indirect use values such as ensuring the continued existence of a commercial fishing fleet in a town) and non-use values
Scuba diving or swimming; cultural values such as recreational fishing and fish to Indigenous communities; amenity values affected by aquaculture development or fishing activities; and indirect use values such as ensuring the continued existence of a commercial fishing fleet in a town) and non-use values
Summary
The marine environment produces a wide range of ecosystem services, many of which may be affected by fisheries management, but not necessarily considered in fisheries management decision-making These may include cultural services, such as recreational fishing, as well as support services for a range of marine species that are exploited commercially, either through wild caught fisheries or aquaculture, or that are not exploited, but are of conservation value to society (e.g., seals, seabirds and dolphins) [1]. Most Australian fisheries jurisdictions require the consideration of recreational and indigenous fishers in management decision-making affecting commercial fisheries and aquaculture, while some have additional social consideration requirements [3,4] This principle requires all benefits and costs associated with the use of marine resources to be accounted for, with the term use being defined broadly to include both use values (e.g., commercially and recreationally harvested fish) and non-use values (e.g., continued existence of an endangered species).
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