Availability of extractives from various Norway spruce (Picea abies) stumps assortments

Abstract

Stumps and knotwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are valuable sources of wood extractives. Although lignans from knotwood have already been utilized in value-added products, the behavior and valorization of stump-derived extractives are less studied. In this study, the composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives, particularly lignans, from various spruce stump samples (stump bottom, stump heart, and crushed stump samples) stored outside were studied. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts were separated with an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) apparatus using n-hexane and hot water, respectively. The detailed extractives content of samples was then determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and a mass detector (GC-FID/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In stump bottom samples, an apparent decrease in total dissolved solids was observed in all the major extractives groups during storage: lignans, sugars, stilbene–glucosides, organic acids, resin acids, fatty acids, diterpenoids, and sterols. While a definitive decrease in extractives could not be demonstrated due to the moderately high variation of extractives among different samples, a good indication of the accessibility of important extractives in weathered stumps was obtained. Of the identified hydrophilic extractives, 79% were lignans, 53% of them being composed of 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR), 16% conidendric acid, and 12% todolactol. After 12 weeks of storage, the total amount of lignans was 15.3 mg/g of dry matter in stump bottom, 17.0 mg/g of dry matter in stump heart samples, and 10.2 mg/g of dry matter in crushed stump samples.