Abstract
Euhydration remains a challenge in children due to lack of access and unpalatability of water and to other reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine if the availability/access to a beverage (Creative Roots®) influences hydration in children and, therefore, sleep quality and mood. Using a crossover investigation, 46 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or an intervention group and received Creative Roots® (INT) for two-week periods. We recorded daily first morning and afternoon urine color (Ucol), thirst perception, and bodyweight of the two groups. Participants reported to the lab once per week and provided first morning urine samples to assess Ucol, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine osmolality (Uosmo). Participants also completed the questionnaires Profile of Mood States-Adolescents (POMS-a) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dependent t-tests were used to assess the effects of the intervention on hydration, mood, and sleep quality. Uosmo was greater and Ucol was darker in the control group (mean ± SD) [Uosmo: INT = 828 ± 177 mOsm·kg−1, CON = 879 ± 184 mOsm·kg−1, (p = 0.037], [Ucol:INT = 5 ± 1, CON = 5 ± 1, p = 0.024]. USG, POMS-a, and PSQI were not significant between the groups. At-home daily afternoon Ucol was darker in the control group [INT = 3 ± 1, CON = 3 ± 1, p = 0.022]. Access to Creative Roots® provides a small, potentially meaningful hydration benefit in children. However, children still demonstrated consistent mild dehydration based on Uosmo, despite consuming the beverage.
Highlights
There is an increasing body of evidence showing that children are inadequately hydrated [1]
In the United States, Kenny et al [3] examined the prevalence of insufficient hydration using urine osmolality and found that over 50% of their sample (n = 4134) aged 6–19 years were inadequately hydrated
The afternoon urine color from athome measures was lighter for the INT group compared to the CON group, as shown in Intervention = flavored beverage. * indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). n = 46
Summary
There is an increasing body of evidence showing that children are inadequately hydrated [1]. A recent review examining water intake across 19 countries found that about. 60% of children aged 4–13 years did not meet water intake guidelines [2]. In the United States, Kenny et al [3] examined the prevalence of insufficient hydration using urine osmolality and found that over 50% of their sample (n = 4134) aged 6–19 years were inadequately hydrated. There are many barriers that may influence the consumption of water among children including, but not limited to, lack of drinking water accessibility while at school, unpalatable water, and the availability of competitive beverages (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages, 100% fruit and vegetable juices) [4]
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