Abstract
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is an ad-hoc technology that may even consist of thousands of nodes, which necessitates autonomic, self-organizing and multihop operations. A typical WSN node is battery powered, which makes the network lifetime the primary concern. The highest energy efficiency is achieved with low duty cycle operation, however, this alone is not enough. WSNs are deployed for different uses, each requiring acceptable Quality of Service (QoS). Due to the unique characteristics of WSNs, such as dynamic wireless multihop routing and resource constraints, the legacy QoS metrics are not feasible as such. We give a new definition to measure and implement QoS in low duty cycle WSNs, namely availability and reliability. Then, we analyze the effect of duty cycling for reaching the availability and reliability. The results are obtained by simulations with ZigBee and proprietary TUTWSN protocols. Based on the results, we also propose a data forwarding algorithm suitable for resource constrained WSNs that guarantees end-to-end reliability while adding a small overhead that is relative to the packet error rate (PER). The forwarding algorithm guarantees reliability up to 30% PER.
Highlights
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is an ad-hoc network technology that may consist of thousands of autonomic and self-organizing nodes
We propose a data forwarding algorithm suitable for resource constrained WSNs that guarantees end-to-end reliability while adding a small overhead that is relative to the packet error rate (PER)
Simulations were performed with Network Simulator 2 (NS2) version 2.31
Summary
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is an ad-hoc network technology that may consist of thousands of autonomic and self-organizing nodes. A WSN node combines environmental sensing, data processing, and wireless networking in constantly changing environment with extremely low energy and cost. The highest energy efficiency can be achieved with low duty cycle operation, in which a node saves energy in a low power state and is active only a fraction of time. This is the normal method in most proposals and standards in WSNs [2,3,4]. The low duty cycle operation reduces capacity and increases delays, it is deemed suitable for WSNs as traffic load is usually light and network lifetime is a key factor
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