Abstract
BackgroundDespite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote nutrient absorption and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the effects of AMF on crop growth in organic continuous cropping substrates have not been elucidated.ResultsIn this study, we showed that the inoculation of AMF in continuous cropping substrates promoted growth and root development, and increased the root and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of tomato seedlings. Root transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was highly enriched, and 109 genes that positively correlated with the AMF-inoculated plant phenotype were obtained by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which identified 9 genes related to indole acetic acid (IAA). Importantly, the levels of endogenous IAA in tomato seedlings significantly increased after AMF inoculation. Furthermore, the application of AMF significantly increased the expression levels of NADP-ME1 and NADP-ME2, as well as the activity of NADP-ME, and enhanced the root activity of tomato seedlings in comparison to that observed without inoculation of AMF. However, these effects were blocked in plants treated with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a polar transport inhibitor of IAA.ConclusionsThese results suggest that IAA mediates the AMF-promoted tomato growth and expression of NADP-MEs in continuous cropping substrates. The study provides convincing evidence for the reuse of continuous cropping substrates by adding AMF as an amendment.
Highlights
Despite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China
The results showed that the inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the continuous cropping substrates promoted the growth and increased the activity of root and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), and the level of indole acetic acid (IAA) in tomato seedlings
Effects of AMF on root morphology, plant growth and net photosynthetic rate in tomato seedlings To test the role of AMF in continuous cropping substrates, we first compared the growth of tomato in continuous cropping substrates with or without inoculation of AMF
Summary
Despite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China. The mechanisms governing the effects of AMF on crop growth in organic continuous cropping substrates have not been elucidated. Due to the numerous advantages of organic substrate cultivation, such as improved crop. Studies have shown that the numbers of beneficial fungi decrease and those of harmful fungi increase in continuous cropping substrates [4,5,6]. The effective nutrient content, substrate enzyme activity, and root index in the rhizosphere environment significantly decrease with the increase in continuous cropping years [4, 5]. The role of beneficial microorganisms in continuous cropping substrates is largely unknown
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