Abstract
Roots are important plant ground organs, which absorb water and nutrients to control plant growth and development. Phytohormones have been known to play a crucial role in the regulation of root growth, such as auxin and ethylene, which are central regulators of this process. Recent findings have revealed that root development and elongation regulated by ethylene are auxin dependent through alterations of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of auxin and auxin–ethylene crosstalk in plant root development, demonstrating that auxin and ethylene act synergistically to control primary root and root hair growth, but function antagonistically in lateral root formation. Moreover, ethylene modulates auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling to fine-tune root growth and development. Thus, this review steps up the understanding of the regulation of auxin and ethylene in root growth.
Highlights
Roots are important plant ground organs, which are crucial for plant survival and performs a wide range of functions, such as absorbing water and nutrients, supporting the plant body and interactions with soil microbiota
The root system consists of two principal root types: the primary root (PR), which is initiated during embryo development [1] and secondary roots, which form post-embryonically
These secondary roots encompass both lateral roots (LR), which develop as branches of the primary root and adventitious roots (AR), which develop on non-root tissue such as the hypocotyl, stems and leaves [2]
Summary
Roots are important plant ground organs, which are crucial for plant survival and performs a wide range of functions, such as absorbing water and nutrients, supporting the plant body and interactions with soil microbiota. Recent studies in Arabidopsis root have shown that different hormones control organ growth by regulating specific growth processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation or expansion in distinct tissues [9,10,11]. Plant hormones such as auxin and ethylene have been shown to be involved in root growth through a range of complex interactions [8]. The EIN2 C-terminus transduces signals to the transcription factors EIN3 and EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1), which are sufficient and necessary for activation of many ethylene-response genes These changes cause different physiological responses [33,34,35]. Due to the pivotal regulation of ethylene and auxin in root growth, in which the ethylene elevates auxin accumulation and to trigger TIR1/AFB2-mediated signal transduction [36,37,38,39], here in this review we will focus our interest on the recent advances of ethylene, auxin and their crosstalk during root development, providing a different angle for analyzing the mechanisms of plant root development
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