Abstract
Autotrophic denitrification of synthetic nitrate-contaminated groundwater in up-flow fixed-bed bioreactor by pumice as porous media
Highlights
Inorganic nitrogen compounds, such as nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium, are abundant contaminants in ground and surface water
The results indicated that the autotrophic denitrification with thiosulfate as electron donor and pumice as media was feasible and applicable for nitrate contaminated groundwater
The maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 98% was obtained with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 24 hours
Summary
Inorganic nitrogen compounds, such as nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium, are abundant contaminants in ground and surface water. Nitrate that is used mainly in inorganic fertilizers leaks into the aquifer and surface waters [2, 3]. It has been estimated that more than 70% of all nitrate existing in surface and groundwater comes from fertilizers and other materials used in agricultural activities. High nitrate concentrations are caused by natural sources [6]. In rural and urban areas of Iran, the growth in agriculture and industry has led to groundwater nitrate concentrations over the acceptable thresholds [7]. An autotrophic up-flow bioreactor with pumice as media was used to study the effects of the sulfur-to-nitrogen (S/N) ratio and empty bed contact time (EBCT) on nitrate removal efficiency and byproducts
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