Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process, an advanced biological nitrogen removal, removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. In this paper, ANAMMOX process was adopted for removing -N from landfill leachate having low COD using anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). The AnMBR was optimized for nitrogen loading rate (NLR) varying from 0.025 to 5 kg -N/m3/d with hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging from 1 to 3 d. -N removal efficacy of 85.13±9.67% with the mean nitrogen removal rate of 5.54±0.63 kg -N/m3/d was achieved with NLR of 6.51±0.20 kg -N/m3/d at 1.5 d HRT. The nitrogen transformation intermediates in the form of hydrazine (N2H4) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) were 0.008±0.005 and 0.006±0.001 mg/l, respectively, indicating co-existence of aerobic ammonia oxidizers and ANAMMOX. The free ammonia (NH3) and free nitrous acid (HNO2) concentrations were 26.61±16.54 mg/l and (1.66±0.95)×10−5 mg/l, preventing -N oxidation to -N enabling sustained -N removal.
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