Abstract

El Iguéret ha-Šabat del rabino Abraham ibn Ezra es un breve trabajo polémico de apenas tres capítulos, que trata de las herejías calendáricas. En el prólogo se describen las fantásticas circunstancias que rodearon su composición, pues el šabat se le apareció a Ibn Ezra en un sueño y, por medio de un poético lamento, le amonestó por haber contribuido a la herética desacralización del šabat. Han corrido ríos de tinta acerca de si el trabajo herético rebatido es el Comentario de R. Samuel ben Meir (Rašbam). En este artículo se revisan todas las publicaciones que hay sobre el tema, y se presta atención especial al estudio seminal de Samuel Poznański, publicado en 1897, en el que se identifica la herejía con la oscura secta mishawita. Por primera vez, se pone de relieve la importancia del manuscrito más antiguo, el copiado en Lérida en 1382, que constituye la base de la poco conocida edición de 1840. La autenticidad del prólogo fantástico –publicado previamente y de manera aislada en varios volúmenes rabínicos– había sido puesta en duda durante el siglo XVIII. En apéndice se analiza el manuscrito que Samuel David Luzzatto (Šadal) corrigió mientras preparaba su edición. Una nota inédita recoge un responsum de R. Hai Gaon, que parafrasearon Ibn Ezra o sus discípulos en dos obras diferentes, referente a las supersticiones tecufot y a las fuerzas mágicas asociadas a los solsticios y equinocios.

Highlights

  • Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra’s Iggeret ha-Shabbat is a short, three chapter polemical work devoted to refuting calendrical heresies

  • A prologue describes the fantastic circumstance of its composition: the Sabbath Day appeared to Ibn Ezra in a dream and delivered a poetic lament castigating him for contributing to heretical desecration of the Sabbath

  • Who authored the heretical commentary that the Sabbath Epistle was directed against? Why? Did Ibn Ezra himself compose all of the Sabbath Epistle, as proclaimed by the fantastic prologue? Extensive scholarship related to these questions will be surveyed, mostly from the 18th century to the present day, reviewing manuscripts of the work and early printed editions

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Summary

Early Publications of the Prologue and Criticism

Based upon its preponderance in manuscripts and early publications, they probably had access to the prologue only and assumed that it was the entire work. Shabbethai Bass (Kalisz-Breslau, 1641-1718), the father of Hebrew bibliography, described the Epistle as a “pilpul on the Sabbath eve and following night, how the day followed the first night.” 6 The surprising description as a pilpul suggests that the entire work is referred to, but the first two chapters are ignored, those not mentioned in the dramatic prologue. 9 An early publication of the prologue alone was at the end of Shulhan Arukh Ha-Ari, published in Lvov (Lemberg) in 1788. Joseph Tuv Elem (the Sephardi) to Ibn Ezra’s Bible Commentary noted that the Iggeret HaShabbat referred to by R. Joseph ben Eliezer Bonfils (14th century, Mediterranean) was printed in Shulhan Arukh Ha-Ari. 11

10 Other early editions
The Wissenschaft Scholars and their Editions
56. Friedländer based his own edition upon another manuscript
Heretical Sects
Contemporary Scholarship
Ibn Ezra in Inglaterra and Signs of Pseudepigraphy
The Lleida Manuscript and other Manuscripts
Conclusion
Full Text
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