Abstract
This chapter describes the composition of grain boundaries in binary alloys. The central thermodynamic parameter that characterizes grain boundaries is the free energy. The chapter explains how to assess the manner, in which the composition of grain boundary regions differs from the bulk in binary alloys. It discusses grain boundary segregation as an adsorption phenomenon. The Gibbs approach for measuring the grain boundary excess was used effectively before the advent of surface analysis techniques. In order to apply the Gibbs analysis, almost invariably to the dilute case, it is to be assumed that the segregant was distributed in a two-dimensional grain boundary layer— that is, segregation was truly analogous to the free surface adsorption phenomenon considered earlier. The chapter further discusses the grain boundary enrichment in binary systems. Existing data on grain boundary enrichment in binary alloys is evaluated and the composition is expressed in terms of grain boundary activity and an enrichment factor.
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