Abstract
Doubling of chromosome set directly affects plant performance through increase of organ size, higher feeding value and increased resistance to adverse environmental factors. Therefore efficient methods of polyploid induction are needed in order to develop new varieties of naturally diploid fodder grass species. The efficiency of antimitotic agents as colchicine, amiprophos-methyl, trifluralin and oryzalin was compared in a series of tetraploid induction experiments in Lolium multiflorum, L. perenne and Festuca pratensis, while newly developed tetraploid plants were compared to standard tetraploid varieties in the field trials. Colchicine treatment proved to be the most efficient method for in vitro cultured embryos in comparison with the other agents. Induced tetraploids of F. pratensis produced higher dry matter and seed yield and could be used for the development of new varieties. Induced tetraploid plants of Lolium spp. were equal to the standard varieties in field trials, therefore they could be used as parental genotypes in crosses. Induced tetraploids of F. pratensis produced higher dry matter and seed yield and could be used for development of new variety.
Highlights
Polyploidy is defined as presence of three or more complete chromosome sets per cell nucleus
The efficiency of antimitotic agents as colchicine, amiprophos-methyl, trifluralin and oryzalin was compared in a series of tetraploid induction experiments in Lolium multiflorum, L. perenne and Festuca pratensis, while newly developed tetraploid plants were compared to standard tetraploid varieties in the field trials
Three treatment methods and four antimitotic agents were used in the polyploidization experiments: colchicine (10 mM), oryzalin (50 μM), trifluralin (50 μM) and APM (100 μM)
Summary
Polyploidy is defined as presence of three or more complete chromosome sets per cell nucleus. Gene duplication in autopolyploids can cause transcriptomic changes leading to higher adaptability compared to diploids (del Pozo & Ramirez-Parra, 2015), if genotype undergoing whole genome duplication possesses allelic variants of genes conferring increased resistance to freezing temperatures (Aleliūnas et al, 2015) or genes involved in regulation of plant architecture traits (Statkevičiūtė et al, 2015), highly beneficial effect in stress response and growth habit of induced tetraploid can be expected All these characteristics are highly desirable in cultivated crop varieties, with the exception of crops cultivated for seeds as polyploids tend to have lower seed yield compared to their diploid counterparts.
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