Abstract
Mobile scanning systems are being used more and more frequently in industry, construction, and artificial intelligent applications. More particularly, autonomous scanning plays an essential role in the field of the automatic creation of 3D models of building. This paper presents a critical review of current autonomous scanning systems, discussing essential aspects that determine the efficiency and applicability of a scanning system in real environments. Some important issues, such as data redundancy, occlusion, initial assumptions, the complexity of the scanned scene, and autonomy, are analysed in the first part of the document, while the second part discusses other important aspects, such as pre-processing, time requirements, evaluation, and opening detection. A set of representative autonomous systems is then chosen for comparison, and the aforementioned characteristics are shown together in several illustrative tables. Principal gaps, limitations, and future developments are presented in the last section. The paper provides the reader with a general view of the world of autonomous scanning and emphasizes the difficulties and challenges that new autonomous platforms should tackle in the future.
Highlights
The creation of 3D models of buildings from 3D data is still a semi-manual work
This paper presents a critical review of current autonomous scanning systems, discussing essential aspects that determine the efficiency and applicability of a scanning system in real environments
The era of the automatic creation of what are denominated as Building Information Models (BIM) has brought about new systems, procedures, and algorithms that are able to collect and process a huge amount of data efficiently without the help of humans
Summary
The creation of 3D models of buildings from 3D data is still a semi-manual work. Of particular relevance in this respect is the fact that, during the extraction of as-is models, an operator must manually take and process millions of datum (mainly 3D points), which entails time and errors in the model obtained. The survey presents essential aspects that determine the goodness and applicability of the existing mobile autonomous 3D scanning systems and discusses the current limitations and gaps in this research field. The paper mainly addresses coverage path planning and 3D model reconstruction It includes detailed information on viewpoint generation, coverage path generation, evaluation, and applications for coverage path planning, sensors, algorithms, and properties for the 3D reconstruction works surveyed. This paper provides a review from a different point of view focused on autonomous scanning in construction.
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