Autonomous Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor-Based Total Alkalinity and pH Measurements on a Barrier Reef of Ka̅ne’ohe Bay

Abstract

Here we present first of its kind high frequency Total Alkalinity (AT) and pH data from a single solid-state autonomous sensor collected during a 6-day deployment at a barrier reef in Kāneʻohe Bay on the CRIMP-2 buoy. This dual parameter sensor is capable of rapid (<60 s), near simultaneous measurement of the preferred seawater carbonate system parameters, pH and AT without requiring any external reagents or moving parts inherent to the sensor. Its solid state construction, low power consumption, and low titrated volume (nanoliters) requirement make this sensor ideal for in situ monitoring of the aqueous carbon dioxide system. Through signal averaging, we estimate the pH-AT sensor is capable of achieving 2-10 μmol kg-1 precision in AT and 0.005 for pH. The CRIMP-2 site in Hawaiʻi provided an excellent means of validation of the prototype pH-AT sensor due to the extensive observations routinely collected at this site and large daily fluctuations in AT (~116 μmol kg-1) driven primarily by high calcification...