Autonomous energy community based on energy contract

Abstract

To effectively coordinate the distributed energy resources calls for reasonable energy management methods. Nowadays, there are a great number of studies about home energy management systems (HEMSs) and centralised control. However, the former has the problem of producing new peaks and valley when incentives are applied, and the latter only focuses on overall economic benefits and ignores individual preferences. Therefore, the authors take an emerging decentralised solution, i.e. peer-to-peer (P2P) energy sharing mechanism, into consideration and then propose an autonomous energy community model. In this P2P autonomous energy community, participants form an alliance and can trade energy with each other to maximisation individual benefit without a central controller. To allocate profit fairly among members, an energy contract based on Shapley values is proposed. Modelling of participants, implementation of energy contract and operation principle of community is presented in this study. Finally, case studies are conducted with the comparison of the model where households apply HEMS independently. The results show that the proposed model yields reduction in electricity cost and it is also friendly to the power grid with lower energy fluctuation compared with the counterpart.