Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is the leading cause of death for people with traumatic injuries. The onset of HS is correlated with marked changes in the plasma vasopressin levels and some studies indicate that administrating vasopressin in the bloodstream can help stabilize the situation. This situation calls naturally for the use of implantable devices for both the monitoring and treatment of HS. In this work, we present a self-powered hemorrhagic-shock autonomous integrated device (hemoAID) that continuously monitors vasopressin levels and releases vasopressin automatically when levels drop below a certain threshold. We demonstrate that the device can operate at physiological concentrations of vasopressin, in sheep serum, thus paving the way towards the development of an autonomous implantable device for HS prevention.
Highlights
Over the past decade, implantable autonomous microsystems have been developed to counter life-threatening medical conditions and to improve patient care by replacing cumbersome treatment procedures [1,2,3]
The level of vasopressin starts decreasing, which indicates the onset of late phase hemorrhagic shock
We have introduced the hemorrhagic-shock autonomous integrated device (hemoAID), a device that can be used to detect a gradual drop in vasopressin concentration, corresponding to the onset of late-phase hemorrhagic shock, and deliver a highly concentrated dose of vasopressin to help stabilize the situation
Summary
Implantable autonomous microsystems have been developed to counter life-threatening medical conditions and to improve patient care by replacing cumbersome treatment procedures [1,2,3]. A growing number of patients depend on implantable cardioverter defibrillators [4], gastric stimulators [5], cardiac pacemakers [6] and artificial organs [7,8,9] for survival In such cases, the severity and urgency of the medical condition override the high cost and risk of the invasive surgery that is required. Farra et al [10] demonstrated an implantable drug delivery microchip that operates for up to 3 weeks and eliminates the need for daily physician-assisted injections for patients with osteoporosis While these developments have been successful at independently performing sensing [11,12] and drug delivery [13], developing implantable medical devices capable of achieving both of those functions simultaneously would be suitable for a number of applications [14]. One such case is the detection and treatment of traumatic injuries such as hemorrhagic shock (HS)
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