Abstract
This paper aims to unleash the potential of a heat pump (HP) and its storage system, as a flexible consumer load, in the low-voltage (LV) distribution network by introducing an autonomous controller. Steady-state analysis using DigSILENT Power Factory, a power system analysis tool, is performed to verify the proposed hypothesis. The proposed controller manages to operate the individual HP and storage within the recommended operating limits of grid voltage, by sharing flexibility within the specific network. It has the capability of sensing local key control parameters for scheduling, re-scheduling, and decision-making on the operation of individual HPs. It also takes the thermal energy comfort of individual consumers into consideration. Measurement of local parameters such as grid voltage, supply temperature and level of cold water in the storage tank defines the priority for operation of HPs based on operating delays for turning it on and off. This enhances the sharing of flexibility for proper coordination, control, and management of HP systems in LV distribution networks with mutual technical benefits. From the results, the application of the proposed controller is found to be effective to manage grid congestions and local voltage regulation, satisfying the thermal energy requirements of the customer.
Highlights
Hot water is used for space heating and domestic applications
The results show that the proposed control architecture of heat pump (HP) can reduce the need for costly grid reinforcement as well as a separate communication infrastructure for handling of big data, and complex control architecture
HPs with storage is a good source of P2H in smart energy systems
Summary
Hot water is used for space heating and domestic applications. With the concept of power-to-heat (P2H) in smart energy systems to incorporate 100% renewables, heat pumps (HPs) are expected to play an important role for thermal heating and cooling due to their high output-to-input ratio.HPs are considered to be a key technology supporting the European strategy for thermal systems decarbonization [1]. Use of electric boilers (EBs) has been unfavorable due to high electricity prices and taxes in the Swedish system whereas, HPs are providing high flexibility in power-to-heat supply [6] and a high coefficient of performance (COP) when compared to EBs. Individual HPs seem to be the best alternative to district heating to replace individual boilers (based on oil, natural gas or biomass) in rural or suburban areas, where heat densities are lower [7]. Individual HPs seem to be the best alternative to district heating to replace individual boilers (based on oil, natural gas or biomass) in rural or suburban areas, where heat densities are lower [7] This indicates the installation of many HPs in the near future as well as a significant increment in residential electricity demand
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