Autonomic Function in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract

To investigate sympathetic function in the peripheries of patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using noninvasive techniques. Comparison of peripheral blood flow responses in sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes in CAPD patients and matched control subjects. Tertiary care hospital and research institution. Twenty-three clinically stable CAPD patients and 23 control subjects matched for age, sex, and drug therapy. Sympathetic activity assessed from the reductions in hand and foot blood flow induced by a deep breath and by body surface cooling. Cardiac autonomic activity measured by the changes in heart rate produced by deep breathing, a Valsalva maneuver, and standing from lying. A deep breath induced mean decreases in hand blood flow of 65.1% in the patients and 82.8% in their matched controls. Corresponding reductions in the foot were 46.0% and 70.0%. Body surface cooling reduced mean hand blood flow by 50.3% in the patients and 71.8% in the control subjects. Corresponding values in the foot were 26.7% and 43.6%. The differences in response between the patients and their matched control subjects were all significant (p < 0.01). Cardiac autonomic function assessed by standard tests of heart rate variability was significantly impaired in the patients compared with the control subjects in two of the three tests used (p < 0.001). Cardiovascular autonomic impairment can affect the peripheral circulation as well as the heart in patients on dialysis, and this may have implications for cardiovascular homeostasis.