Autonomic and peripheral neuropathy in primary biliary cirrhosis

Abstract

Autonomic and peripheral nerve function was examined in a group of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using standard cardiovascular reflex tests and peripheral nerve conduction studies. Sixty-three percent had cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction with predominantly parasympathetic abnormalities. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were rarely volunteered spontaneously but occurred frequently when specifically sought; 40.7% had definite peripheral neuropathy, with symptoms and/or signs plus peripheral neurophysiological abnormalities. A close association between autonomic and peripheral nerve function was found with correlation between the heart rate variation on deep breathing and both peroneal nerve conduction velocity (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) and sural nerve conduction velocity (r = 0.52, P < 0.008). Correlations were also noted between other autonomic tests and peripheral nerve function. Both autonomic and peripheral nerve function correlated with serum bilirubin and albumin; no significant association was noted with vitamin E deficiency or hyperlipidaemia. A generalised neuropathy with peripheral and autonomic abnormalities is common in primary biliary cirrhosis and could be related to hepatic damage. Although rarely clinically disabling, the autonomic impairment associated with this neuropathy may be of prognostic significance.