Abstract
Safety-critical systems such as Advanced Driving Assistance Systems and Autonomous Vehicles require redundancy to satisfy their safety requirements and to be classified as fail-operational. Introducing redundancy in a system with high data rates and processing requirements also has a great impact on architectural design decisions. The current self-driving vehicle prototypes do not use a standardized system architecture but base their design on existing vehicles and the available components. In this work, we provide a novel analysis framework that allows us to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate an in-vehicle architecture topology and compare it with others. With this framework, we evaluate different variants of two common topologies: domain and zone-based architectures. Each topology is evaluated in terms of total cost, failure probability, total communication cable length, communication load distribution, and functional load distribution. We introduce redundancy in selected parts of the systems using our automated process provided in the framework, in a safety-oriented design process that enables the ISO26262 Automotive Safety Integrity Level decomposition technique. After every design step, the architecture is re-evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the different architecture variants are evaluated to guide the designer towards the choice of correct architecture, with a focus on the introduction of redundancy.
Highlights
The automotive industry is researching Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as the revolution for their products
We focus on the functional safety aspects, mostly described by the ISO2626 Road Vehicles Functional Safety [5] in terms of electronic hardware system reliability during the vehicle lifecycle
To perform our quantitative evaluation, we extend the model of [3] by adding the functional load and the communication load to the application nodes, and the two-dimensional coordinates to the physical nodes
Summary
The automotive industry is researching Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as the revolution for their products. AVs and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have a large number of requirements, related to performance, safety, and costs. These requirements impact the design choices related to the system architecture. Safety requirements lead to the necessity of redundant and backup systems. Redundant elements require more complex networks and architecture decisions that impact the final cost of the vehicle. Introducing redundancy affects different architecture topologies differently
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