Abstract
Automation of handling systems in the container terminals of maritime ports has become one of the most important changes that happened in maritime transport since the first voyage of a container vessel in 1956. Nowadays, new automated terminals are being built in the world. Most of them are located in Europe, then in North America and the Far East. Automated guided vehicles, automated straddle carriers or automated stacking cranes have replaced handling devices that were manipulated and were controlled by port workers in the container terminals. The basic goal of the paper is to focus on the advantages of this progressive system that is based on the increase of the output of the container terminals, the reduction of downtimes or accidents during handling of containers.
Highlights
Container terminals are facilities where containers are loaded, unloaded, handled, and transported by different types of container handling devices between different modes of transport
Automated container terminals are terminals where some container handling devices operate without direct human interaction
World automated container terminals increase the output, they reduce the downtimes of handling devices, times of container vessels in maritime ports and accidents that happen during transshipment of containers
Summary
Container terminals are facilities where containers are loaded, unloaded, handled, and transported by different types of container handling devices between different modes of transport. They are stored in an open-air storage area for a few days before they are forwarded by sea or land transport to their customers. [1]
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