Abstract
Advertisements are often inserted in multimedia content, and this is particularly relevant in TV broadcasting as they have a key financial role. In this context, the flexible and efficient processing of TV content to identify advertisement segments is highly desirable as it can benefit different actors, including the broadcaster, the contracting company, and the end user. In this context, detecting the presence of the channel logo has been seen in the state-of-the-art as a good indicator. However, the difficulty of this challenging process increases as less prior data is available to help reduce uncertainty. As a result, the literature proposals that achieve the best results typically rely on prior knowledge or pre-existent databases. This paper proposes a flexible method for processing TV broadcasting content aiming at detecting channel logos, and consequently advertising segments, without using prior data about the channel or content. The final goal is to enable stream segmentation identifying advertisement slices. The proposed method was assessed over available state-of-the-art datasets as well as additional and more challenging stream captures. Results show that the proposed method surpasses the state-of-the-art.
Highlights
Given that the overall detector assigns a binary result for each processed frame, indicating if it either belongs to an advertisement or to a program, a binary classification evaluation was applied through the calculation of the Precision (Prec), Recall, F1-Score (F1), and Accuracy (Acc) metrics [31]
True Positive (TP): Algorithm assigns the tag advertisement to a frame that belongs to an advertisement
This paper proposes a self-learning and automatic detection method for detecting television advertisement without using any prior data about the streams
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In 2010, with the aim of standardizing some general features advertisement segments in TV broadcasting should cohere to, the European Union published a set of recommendations that should be followed by the broadcasters of the member states [1] In this directive, Article 19 indicates that television broadcasters should impose a set of rules on the broadcasted advertisements, so that (1). The recommendations give room for each member state to define their own set of rules In line with such recommendations, some broadcasters seek to differentiate linear content from advertisements by introducing a station logo on the transmitted content. This behavior resulted in the proposal of advertisement detection algorithms based on the identification of the channel logo.
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