Automatic potentiometric titration in monosegmented flow system exploiting binary search

Abstract

An automatic monosegmented flow system (MSFA) based on the binary search concept to perform potentiometric titration is proposed. A tubular hydrogen ion-selective electrode without inner reference solution, consisting of a conducting epoxy cylinder machined with an axial hole coated with tridodecylamine (TDDA) was employed as a sensor. The titration procedure was implemented by exploiting the binary search approach, after each analytical cycle data were evaluated to decide the variation of the titrant volumetric fraction to be inserted for the next cycle. The flow network comprised three-way solenoid valves controlled by a microcomputer running software in QUICKBASIC 4.5. Combination of binary search and MSFA resulted in an automatic system providing possibilities to perform flow titrations without any operator assistance. The main features of the proposed system were verified by titrating hydrochloric and acetic acid solutions and the feasibility of the approach was ascertained by analyzing vinegar, coke, lemon soda, isotonic, industrial and natural orange juice samples. Results were in agreement with those obtained with a conventional potentiometric titration, and no significant difference at 95% confidence level was observed. A 1% standard deviation ( n=9) in results was also observed.