Abstract
BackgroundNon-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. Automatic detection of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is significant for clinical diagnosis, early screening and course progression of patients.MethodsThis paper introduces the design and implementation of an automatic system for screening non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy based on color fundus images. Firstly, the fundus structures, including blood vessels, optic disc and macula, are extracted and located, respectively. In particular, a new optic disc localization method using parabolic fitting is proposed based on the physiological structure characteristics of optic disc and blood vessels. Then, early lesions, such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages and hard exudates, are detected based on their respective characteristics. An equivalent optical model simulating human eyes is designed based on the anatomical structure of retina. Main structures and early lesions are reconstructed in the 3D space for better visualization. Finally, the severity of each image is evaluated based on the international criteria of diabetic retinopathy.ResultsThe system has been tested on public databases and images from hospitals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves high accuracy for main structures and early lesions detection. The results of severity classification for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy are also accurate and suitable.ConclusionsOur system can assist ophthalmologists for clinical diagnosis, automatic screening and course progression of patients.
Highlights
Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the early stage of diabetic retinopathy
MAs are Experimental results and discussion To evaluate the performance of the proposed Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening system, a dataset containing 482 fundus images from five databases is constructed for experiments, including the DRIVE database [20], the Structured Analysis of the Retina (STARE) database [21], the Retinopathy Online Challenge (ROC) database [22], the Standard Diabetic Retinopathy database (DIARETDB) [23] and a database from Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital
DRIVE is a public database consisting of 40 fundus images for testing the blood vessels segmentation and macular localization
Summary
Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. Automatic detection of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is significant for clinical diagnosis, early screening and course progression of patients. The chronic hyperglycemia of DM can cause complications of eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels [1]. DR can be classified into two stages: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). NPDR is characterized by structural damages to small fundus blood vessels, causing them to dilate, Xiao et al BioMed Eng OnLine (2017) 16:122 leak, or rupture. Visible retinal lesions include microaneurysms (MAs), hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton-wool spots, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) and venous beading. MAs, hemorrhages and hard exudates are early lesions of NPDR, which can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe stages depending on their severity [3]. An automatic computer-aided NPDR screening system is indispensable
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