Abstract
In this paper, we propose an efficient automatic modulation classification (AMC) scheme for a group of narrowband and digitally modulated signals such as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 16-PSK, 64-PSK, 4-quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM), 16-QAM, and 64-QAM. The classification was performed by analyzing the probability density distribution for the real and imaginary parts of the modulated signals. To simplify the complexity of the proposed approach, we performed the classification in two stages: first, we classified the modulation between QAM and PSK signaling, and then, we determined the $M$ -ary order of the modulation by developing kernel density estimation, which is typically used in nonparametric methods for the estimation of the probability density function of a random variable with finite data samples. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for flat channels. It is observed that this simple efficient technique can find applications in blind AMC, as the performance comparison with the state of the art is promising.
Highlights
“Plagiarism is a threat to scholarly publishing in general and to IEEE’s publication program in particular.”
The Plagiarism Guidelines that were developed at that time subsequently became the model for another set of guidelines, this one for an additional form of author misconduct: multiple submission of the same content submitted to other publications
The following is a new section approved by the Publication Products & Services Board at its November 2015 meeting. 8.2.4.E PROHIBITED AUTHORS LIST The Prohibited Authors List (PAL) provides information about authors who have been found to have plagiarized the works of other authors and have been banned from publishing with IEEE
Summary
“Plagiarism is a threat to scholarly publishing in general and to IEEE’s publication program in particular.”. The Plagiarism Guidelines that were developed at that time subsequently became the model for another set of guidelines, this one for an additional form of author misconduct: multiple submission of the same content submitted to other publications Both of these Guidelines 1) defined the misconduct, 2) established levels of misconduct and 3) provided corresponding corrective actions, which included prohibiting an author from submitting a manuscript to a publication for a prescribed time – one to five years, depending on the severity of the misconduct. In reviewing candidates to serve as area chairs for the conference, she recognizes a name from the PAL In this scenario, a confirmed plagiarist was prevented from being named to a position of responsibility, thereby avoiding what could have been a critically embarrassing situation for the conference and for IEEE. Volunteers who use the PAL to vet candidates must remember that the PAL is a strictly confidential IEEE document, not to be circulated outside the organization
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