Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate an automated system for identifying skating-style cross-country subtechniques using inertial sensors. In the first experiment, the performance of a male cross-country skier was used to develop an automated identification system. In the second, eight male and seven female college cross-country skiers participated to validate the developed identification system. Each subject wore inertial sensors on both wrists and both roller skis, and a small video camera on a backpack. All subjects skied through a 3450 m roller ski course using a skating style at their maximum speed. The adopted subtechniques were identified by the automated method based on the data obtained from the sensors, as well as by visual observations from a video recording of the same ski run. The system correctly identified 6418 subtechniques from a total of 6768 cycles, which indicates an accuracy of 94.8%. The precisions of the automatic system for identifying the V1R, V1L, V2R, V2L, V2AR, and V2AL subtechniques were 87.6%, 87.0%, 97.5%, 97.8%, 92.1%, and 92.0%, respectively. Most incorrect identification cases occurred during a subtechnique identification that included a transition and turn event. Identification accuracy can be improved by separately identifying transition and turn events. This system could be used to evaluate each skier’s subtechniques in course conditions.
Highlights
In skating-style cross-country skiing, based on the course terrain and their skiing velocity, skiers mainly use three subtechniques [1]
V1 and V2-alternate skating technique (V2A) have the same number of pole movements and leg push-offs
The results showed that there is no significant difference in the skiing velocity, estimated oxygen uptake, and average heart rate among these three subtechniques
Summary
In skating-style cross-country skiing, based on the course terrain and their skiing velocity, skiers mainly use three subtechniques [1]. Skiers extend their upper extremities and push both poles backward in order to produce the propulsive force. In these subtechniques, skiers perform skating and pushing movements using different timings. The V2 skating technique (V2) is mainly used on level terrain up to moderate uphill inclines, and is performed with a symmetrical double poling action for each skating push-off. The V2-alternate skating technique (V2A) is used on level terrain with a symmetrical double poling action with every second leg push-off. V1 and V2A have the same number of pole movements and leg push-offs These two movements occur with different timings in the two subtechniques
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