Abstract
The study illustrates the influence of high frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields and ultrasound pulsatile fields on Mentha × piperita L. seed germination and the quality of its essential oil. The physiological role of the above mentioned experimental factors was considered to be a catalyticall base point, improving germination percent, SVI (seedling vigor index), GVI (germination velocity index). All the biometric aspects of the germination process (seed area, seed perimeter, seed development on x and y radius, radicele length, hypocotyl length) where determined using open free software, consolidating the general idea that scientific communities can improve and perfect open source projects. High frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields (91.75%) and ultrasound pulsatile fields (64.75%) experimental variants gave higher germination percent compared to control (47.00%). Following the main terpenes determination, the same experimental variants obtained high accumulations of menthol, eugenol, thymol, eucalyptol, linalool and other components. These aspects can be scientifically sustained by the seedling vigor index marks obtained at high frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields (1985.47) and ultrasound pulsatile fields (1480.09), creating the general premises for better development stages in the nursery sector. Raised accumulation of main therapeutical terpenes in Mentha × piperita L. must be supervised in further studies, when microscopically imagery of glandular trichomes and their density may lead to more profound conclusions.
Highlights
Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), a spontaneous sterile hybrid between Mentha spicata and water mint Mentha aquatica, generated over 250 years ago (Kumar et al, 2014; Murray et al, 1972), belonging to Lamiaceae family, is distributed widely in temperate and sub-temperate climatic regions
The main goals of the present study were keen on observing: (1) the effect of high frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields upon seed germination of Mentha × piperita L.; (2) the effect of ultrasound pulsatile fields upon seed germination of Mentha × piperita L.; (3) digital observation of seed development using photo sequencing, raster to vector enhancing with open source software; (4) the effect of high frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields and ultrasound pulsatile fields upon main terpenes quantity
Seedling vigor index marks obtained at high frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields (1985.47) and ultrasound pulsatile fields (1480.09) created the general premise for better development stages in the nursery sector
Summary
Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), a spontaneous (hexaploid) sterile hybrid between Mentha spicata and water mint Mentha aquatica, generated over 250 years ago (Kumar et al, 2014; Murray et al, 1972), belonging to Lamiaceae family, is distributed widely in temperate and sub-temperate climatic regions. It is generally used for multiple bio-resources purposes such as: flavor ingredient, antioxidant, antimicrobial, nutraceutical, herbicide, biocide and repellent (D'Antuono and Elementi, 2006; Freire et al, 2012; Pistrick, 2006; Saeed and Tariq 2005). Confronting the scientific literature, the usage of high frequency electromagnetic fields and ultrasound pulsatile fields represents reasonable methods among environmental friendly seed production technologies (Bilalis et al, 2012; Liu et al, 2012; Vashisth and Nagarajan, 2010; Yaldagard et al, 2008)
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