Abstract
We propose a model to generate head nods accompanying an utterance from natural language. To the best of our knowledge, previous models generated simple nods from the final words at the end of an utterance, i.e., using bag of words. We focused on various text analyzed using various types of language information such as dialog act, part of speech, a large-scale Japanese thesaurus, and word position in a sentence. We also generated detailed parameters of speaker's nodding presence, frequency, and depth, which was the first attempt to do so. First, we compiled a Japanese corpus of 24 dialogues including utterance and nod information. Next, using the corpus, we constructed our generation model that estimates nodding presence, frequency, and depth, during a phrase by using such various types of language information as well as bag of words. The results indicate that our model outperformed simple automatic nod-generating models using only bag of words and chance level. The results also indicate that dialog act, part of speech, the large-scale Japanese thesaurus, and word position are useful for generating nods. We also evaluated, through subjective evaluation, if our nod-generation model is useful with conversational agents. The results show that the nodding generated with our model improves user impressions of naturalness, humanness, likability, and reliability toward a conversational agent.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.