Abstract
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) delivers a high quality electrical energy to energy consumers using efficient and intelligent control systems ensuring nominal operating frequency and organized tie-line power deviation. Subsequently, for the AGC analysis of a two-area interconnected hydro-gas-thermal-wind generating unit, a novel Fractional Order Integral-Tilt Derivative (FOI-TD) controller is proposed that is fine-tuned by a powerful meta-heuristic optimization technique referred as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO) algorithm. For more realistic analysis, various constraints, such as Boiler Dynamics (BD), Time Delay (TD), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), and Governor Dead Zone (GDZ) having non-linear features are incorporated in the specified system model. Moreover, a comparative analysis of I-FDO algorithm is performed with state-of-the-art approaches, such as FDO, teaching learning based optimization, and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Further, the proposed I-FDO tuned controller is compared with Fractional Order Tilt Integral Derivative (FOTID), PID, and Integral-Tilt Derivative (I-TD) controllers. The performance analysis demonstrates that proposed FOI-TD controller provides better performance and show strong robustness by changing system parameters and load condition in the range of  ± 50%, compared to other controllers.
Highlights
A power system (PS) is considered an intricate structure that interconnects multiple networks of varying loads
Compared to Fractional Order Tilt Integral Derivative (FOTID), I-Time Delay (TD), and proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers, the transient response performances associated with frequency variations of the two areas and the power deviation in tie-lines are enhanced for Fractional Order Integral-Tilt Derivative (FOI-TD) controllers which is depicted in Table 5 and Figure 7a–c
Directions A FOI-TD controller is optimized for the automatic generation control (AGC) problem using a recent metaheuristicbased approach called the Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-Fitness Dependent Optimization (FDO)) algorithm
Summary
A power system (PS) is considered an intricate structure that interconnects multiple networks of varying loads. The authors of [8] used an Integral-Proportional Derivative controller (I-PD) controller for AGC of two area IPS with multi-generation units and they show its superiority over PID and PI controllers. In [14], the authors used a TID controller with derivative filter for AGC of two-area IPS considering GRC and GDB nonlinearities. The authors of [15] employed a modified form of TID controller for LFC of IPS and compared the performance of the proposed controller with TID and PID controllers. The authors of [19] proposed a cascaded-based fuzzy fractional-order integral-derivative filter (CF-FOIDF) tuned with Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), considering the effect of electric vehicles on LFC of multi-area hydrothermal- and thermal-connected PS.
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