Automatic extraction of catalog data from digital images of historical manuscripts

Abstract

The Cairo Genizah, discovered in the late 19th century, is a collection of hand- written historical documents containing approximately 350,000 fragments of mainly Jewish texts. The fragments are today spread out in more than seventy libraries and private collections worldwide, and there is an ongoing effort to document and catalog all extant fragments. We explore three levels of extraction of catalog data from digital images of the fragments. First, images should be captured in a way that permits standardized automatic processing. Second, the images can be processed to detect elements such as image foreground, regions of written text, and lines of the text, thereby allowing for the automatic assignment of conventional catalog measurements. Third, modern computer-vision tools and statistical inference techniques may be used to identify fragments that might originate from the same original codex. Such matched fragments, commonly referred to as 'joins', were heretofore identified manually by experts, and pre- sumably only a small fraction of existing joins have been discovered to date. Overall, we present what might be the first effort to address all three levels suc- cessfully within a large-scale project, detailing the various design choices and describing the techniques and algorithms used for the Cairo Genizah digitization project.