Abstract
The importance of climate protection and sustainability is steadily increasing all over the world. However, there is a large potential for reducing emissions in the heating demand reduction and renewable heat supply of buildings that needs to be addressed. Therefore, a method was developed within the scope of this work that allows local decision-makers such as energy supply companies, project developers and the public sector to calculate, evaluate and compare different scenarios to make buildings and city districts more sustainable based on few and widely available input data. It includes both the determination of the heat demand and measures for its reduction as well as the selection and simulation of centralised and decentralised supply systems. A combination of different methods from the fields of geoinformatics, heuristic decision-making and object-oriented modelling is used. The latter forms a focal point in the work with the development of a data model for energy system components to enable automatic simulation. The applicability as well as the transferability of the method is shown in several case studies. Based on the simulations results, which can be related to CO2 emissions as well as costs, recommendations for the implementation of measures can be given and implemented.The paper is a summary of the dissertation with the title “Automatische Simulation von Wärmebedarf und -versorgung auf Quartiersebene” by the first author at Karlsruhe Institute for Technology.
Highlights
Anthropogenic climate change and the associated increase in temperature worldwide is recognised by most governments around the world and is seen as one of the greatest challenges for humanity in the coming decades
The combination of different methods, which have not been combined in this way before, results in an easy-to-understand and easy-to-use tool with which different scenarios at the neighborhood level can be assessed, while maintaining a high spatial and temporal resolution and acceptable computing time, even with a very small amount of available data
The transferability is given both nationally and internationally as CityGML models are largely available for existing buildings worldwide
Summary
Anthropogenic climate change and the associated increase in temperature worldwide is recognised by most governments around the world and is seen as one of the greatest challenges for humanity in the coming decades. Targets have been set worldwide for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the use of fossil fuels, as well as for increasing energy efficiency. As committed by the European Union and the Federal State of Germany, CO2 emission reductions of 65% compared to 1990 until 2030 and become climate-neutral by 2045 (European Comission 2019; Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt Naturschutz nukleare Sicherheit 2019; Die Bundesregierung 2021) the implementation of measures in form of laws, ordinances and subsidies must be further enforced and incentivized, especially in the building sector. The German goal to have a nearly climate-neutral building stock by 2050 can only be achieved by significantly increasing the refurbishment rate and reducing the heating demand in buildings. All studies assume a high share of heat pumps and fossil-free district heating to achieve emission reduction targets, supported by biomass systems and power-to-heat
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