Abstract
This study proposes a method for designing and calibrating a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna module. Herein, we adopt a design example involving a 64-element MIMO antenna array arranged in a triangular lattice (instead of the commonly used rectangular lattice) to achieve a 3°dB enhancement in effective isotropic radiated power. Analyzing a grating lobe diagram indicates a scan volume of ±60°/±45° in the azimuth/elevation direction. To calibrate the massive mm-wave MIMO antenna module, we propose a modified genetic algorithm to align the amplitude/phase of the transmitting/receiving signal of the module to reduce the time required for the calibration process. Finally, we conducted a simple experiment to validate the proposed method.
Highlights
Fifth-generation mobile communication technology is expected to introduce an advanced air interface in new radiofrequency bands
After the radiating signals of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are adequately calibrated and aligned uniformly across the antenna aperture, the antennas can generate a pencil beam pattern with a very high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) in the boresight direction; the signal quality can be improved for high-data-rate applications
To solve the aforementioned MIMO calibration problems, this study proposes a calibration method that entails first applying a modified genetic algorithm (GA) in the farfield test range to calibrate an mm-wave massive MIMO system. e advantages of the proposed calibration method are as follows: (1) No additional closed-loop built-in circuits are required, reducing system design complexity
Summary
Fifth-generation mobile communication technology is expected to introduce an advanced air interface in new radiofrequency bands. Detected signals can be used for monitoring, calibration, and fault isolation in phased antenna array systems [9], signal deviations caused by parasitic circuit effects of the radiated structure, feeding network, and radome (i.e., housing of the system) cannot be considered in mm-wave systems. Is can be achieved using radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) technology for a medium-sized array system with low-power operation Such an arrangement is complex for an array with large antenna elements and high-power operation. (1) No additional closed-loop built-in circuits are required, reducing system design complexity (2) e overall system calibration is considered to ensure accuracy (3) e modified GA with machine learning capability based on big data can be applied to a mass production line for automatically calibrating 5G massive MIMO systems e remainder of this paper is organized as follows.
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