Abstract
The radio frequency (RF) signal generation method using an external modulator is widely used in microwave photonics applications because it has the advantage of being able to generate coherent and stable RF signals with a higher resolution performance compared to the conventional method. A Mach–Zehnder modulator is widely used as an external modulator due to its high electro-optic coefficients and low attenuation characteristics but has a critical problem in that its electrical characteristics are changed by external environments such as temperature. In this paper, we considered the stabilization configuration to overcome this problem and propose an automatic bias control technique based on the simulated annealing algorithm of a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) for quadruple signal generation. The proposed technique searches for the bias voltages of the modulator in real-time through the temperature test. In addition, the output of the quadrupled signal of the DPMZM is constantly controlled throughout the temperature range. Finally, it is confirmed that signals of a 10 GHz and 22 GHz frequency are generated using the intermediate frequency signals of a 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz frequency with the proposed automatic bias control technique, respectively.
Highlights
Since the bias drift phenomenon of the modulator is caused by temperature variation, the temperature test is conducted to verify the performance of the proposed automatic bias control technique
We proposed an automatic bias control technique based on a simulated annealing algorithm for generating the quadrupled signal
The performance of the proposed technique was verified through a temperature test
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Proposed an asymmetric dithering signal and an output signal feedback loop method for an optical quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, respectively. In [12], in-phase and quadrature modulation scheme using two dither signals for optical QPSK modulation was proposed. The previous study in [13] monitored the modulated average output to control the bias voltage, and a pilot tone-based method for an electro-optic analog-to-digital converter was proposed in [14]. We propose an automatic bias control technique for a dual-parallel MZM (DPMZM) based on a simulated annealing algorithm for generating quadrupled signals for use in frequency up-conversion applications such as photonic radar.
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