Abstract
This article describes the Independent Tunnel Monitoring System (ITMS), which combines modern optical three-dimensional (3D) techniques and motorised surveying instruments. The ITMS is especially useful for projects involving the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), is based on development and application on many sites, and manages and optimises the relevant geodetic measuring processes. It is a powerful and efficient tool for all types of subsurface surveying. ITMS components can include: (1) manually operated or servo-controlled electronic total stations and theodolites; (2) digital levels; (3) a reflector system (mini prisms and reflecting tapes); (4) an EC module; (5) a personal computer and interface; (6) a printer/plotter; and (7) modem or local area network communication to client's or consultant's computing systems. It uses modular DEDALOS software, which supports many data formats and brands of surveying instruments. Its deformation module can perform manual or semi-automatic monitoring, and supports several formats for daily graphical presentations of new monitoring results. It can make profile and deformation measurements with the same absolute coordinate system. Its setting out module supports conventional fixed tunnel lasers, and servo-controlled laser theodolites.
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