Abstract
Abstract. Traditional odontometry currently suggests a limited number of measurements on tooth coronal parts, including estimation of mesio-distal and vestibular-oral diameters, or dimension, through usually a single measurement of the maximal parameter. Taking into consideration the complexity, irregularity and variability of tooth shapes we find such measurements insufficient for interpreting tooth morphology. Thus we propose odontotomic approach of obtaining data from a series of parallel equally spaced sections in combination with automated detection of landmarks used for measurements. These sections allow locating maximal dimensions of teeth as well as collecting data from all parts of the tooth to describe it morphologically. Referring odontometric data to the whole tooth we obtain more precise and objective records which have proved to be informative in a series of dental and anthropological studies. Growing interest and implementing of digital technology in odontometric studies calls for studies ensuring transition to new methods. The current research is aimed to undertake a comparative study of the traditional and automated digital odontometry. The influence of various approaches to odontotomy (number and direction of sections) on odontometric data is subjected to studies as well. The above-mentioned tooth shape analysis is applied to samples from the archaeological site of Nerqin Naver to contribute to complicated odontological studies from the Early Bronze burials.
Highlights
1.1 Odontometric Techniques Tooth morphology studies include various research methods, among which traditionally measuring methods have been in the background of methods called descriptive. ―Dental morphologists focus on structural details of tooth crowns and roots and pay less heed to other methods of characterizing tooth shape‖ (Scott and Turner, 1997)
2.3 Software software possesses specific functions for odontometric applications, such as import of images in various formats, automated odontotomy, automated measurements on plane contours and 3D models, data acquisition and calculation of odontometric parameters, and many others allowing adjustments during measurements. 2.4 Odontometric Methods Measurement data used in the study for analysis and comparisons was obtained by application of two methods: manual odontometry and automated digital odontometry. 2.4.1
Directions of Sectioning Planes: Changes in direction of sectioning planes affect the odontometric parameters. This tendency can be seen on diagrams of two adjacent sections comparisons revealing values of measured parameters on 30section odontotomy (Figure 13)
Summary
1.1 Odontometric Techniques Tooth morphology studies include various research methods, among which traditionally measuring methods have been in the background of methods called descriptive. ―Dental morphologists focus on structural details of tooth crowns and roots and pay less heed to other methods of characterizing tooth shape‖ (Scott and Turner, 1997). 1.1 Odontometric Techniques Tooth morphology studies include various research methods, among which traditionally measuring methods have been in the background of methods called descriptive. Despite the apparent simplicity of measurements, including two basic mutually perpendicular dimensions of tooth crown and cervix (MD – mesio-distal and VL – vestibulo-lingual), crown height and root length, a number of different techniques exist. MD-diameter is estimated empirically as maximal; maximal VL-diameter is perpendicular to MD and the caliper is positioned vertically along the longitudinal tooth axis. This measurement method has been widely implemented in odontometric studies (Irish and Scott, 2016) serving for obtaining wide-ranging data on sizes of molars. Replication of well-known methods on digital images certainly has its exploratory importance (Figure 2, Zilberman et al, 2003), but does not really disclose that benefits which up-to-date digital technology can bring to odontology
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