Automated QT analysis on Holter monitors in pediatric patients can differentiate long QT syndrome from controls

Abstract

Borderline QTc is a common referral to the pediatric cardiology clinic. Evaluation is challenging due to significant overlap of normal and abnormal QTc ranges. We hypothesized that automated QT analysis on Holter could differentiate between patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) and healthy controls. We conducted a retrospective review of 39 patients with known genotype-positive, phenotype-positive LQTS who underwent Holter monitoring between January 2010 and January 2016. They were compared 2:1 to age- and sex-matched controls. Automated QT analysis data were analyzed. Significant differences were found in all automated QT and QTc fields, except minimum QTc interval (P=0.57). Mean QTc interval (LQTS 479±28ms vs controls 429±16ms; P≤0.001) and percent QTc intervals (%QTc)>450ms (LQTS 80±28%vs controls 14±16%; P≤0.001) were selected for further analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated for each variable demonstrating high area under the curve values of 0.9494 and 0.9540, respectively. Threshold values of≥461ms for mean QTc (sensitivity 79.49%, specificity 98.72%) and≥65% of %QTc>450ms (sensitivity 79.49%, specificity 98.72%) allowed highly specific discrimination between cohorts (false positive rate 1.09%). Similarly, thresholds of<434ms (sensitivity 97.44, specificity 61.54) for mean QTc and<32% (sensitivity 89.74, specificity 87.18) for %QTc>450ms resulted in highly sensitive discrimination (false negative rates 2.17% and 8.7%). Holter monitor testing with automated QT analysis may be a useful tool to differentiate LQTS and control patients.