Automated Network Analyzers for the 0.9- to 12.4-GHz Range

Abstract

Two highly accurate automated network analyzers have been developed to cover the frequency ranges of 0.9 to 4.2 GHz and 3.7 to 12.4 GHz. In addition to the directly measured quantities of insertion loss and phase, the analyzers provide insertion delay, impedance, and two-port parameters as derived quantities. The functional architecture of the systems is described along with some of the novel techniques used to obtain the high signal-to-noise ratios and system stabilities needed for the precise measurements of loss, phase, and delay. General descriptions of these techniques are given along with some of the design considerations. Experimental results that demonstrate measurement accuracy are presented for one-port and two-port devices using both coaxial and waveguide connectors.