Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilizer parts of the knee. ACL injury leads to causes of osteoarthritis risk. ACL rupture is common in the young athletic population. Accurate segmentation at an early stage can improve the analysis and classification of anterior cruciate ligaments tears. This study automatically segmented the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears from magnetic resonance imaging through deep learning. The knee mask was generated on the original Magnetic Resonance (MR) images to apply a semantic segmentation technique with convolutional neural network architecture U-Net. The proposed segmentation method was measured by accuracy, intersection over union (IoU), dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision, recall and F1-score of 98.4%, 99.0%, 99.4%, 99.6%, 99.6% and 99.6% on 11451 training images, whereas on the validation images of 3817 was, respectively, 97.7%, 93.8%,96.8%, 96.5%, 97.3% and 96.9%. We also provide dice loss of training and test datasets that have remained 0.005 and 0.031, respectively. The experimental results show that the ACL segmentation on JPEG MRI images with U-Nets achieves accuracy that outperforms the human segmentation. The strategy has promising potential applications in medical image analytics for the segmentation of knee ACL tears for MR images.
Highlights
IntroductionOne can understand the intricacies of the movement of the knee by getting familiar with the joints and the bones [1]
A well-functionally healthy knee is essential for mobility
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), one of two ligaments that cross in the middle of the knee, connects the thigh bone to the shinbone and helps stabilize your knee joint [3]
Summary
One can understand the intricacies of the movement of the knee by getting familiar with the joints and the bones [1]. The knee is a complex joint of different structures, including bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles [2]. Ligaments are strong bands of tissues that connect one bone to another. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), one of two ligaments that cross in the middle of the knee, connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia) and helps stabilize your knee joint [3]. The ACL tear ruptured causes ACL injuries, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis, common among spots players who have to execute start–stop [4]. Osteoporosis (OP) is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more efficiently [5]
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