Automated In Vitro Dermal Absorption (AIVDA): predicting skin permeation of atrazine with finite and infinite (swimming/bathing) exposure models

Abstract

The Automated In Vitro Dermal Absorption (AIVDA) HPLC method developed in our laboratory for finite dose tests was developed further for infinite dose swimming/bathing exposure tests and for monitoring skin viability during the permeation assay. Skin absorption of the herbicide atrazine was tested under both finite and infinite dose conditions and the data compared to that obtained using the Bronaugh flow-through cell. Confirmation that skin viability was maintained throughout the AIVDA 24-hr infinite dose tests without phenol was obtained using a novel Radio-HPLC method that was developed to monitor glycolytic 14C-lactic acid formation in 14C-glucose spiked receiver solution. Advantages of the AIVDA method (e.g. rapid, sensitive, versatile, cost-effective analysis) together with its disadvantages (e.g. need for manual dexterity, lack of receiver albumin, compound retention time, limit of sampling interval) are discussed.