Abstract
In this research, a whale-optimized fuzzy PID controller was developed to manage automatic generation control in multiple-area electrical energy systems with an availability-based tariff (ABT) pricing scheme. The objective of this work is to minimize the power production costs, area control errors (ACEs), and marginal costs of the multiple-area electrical energy system with real-time load and frequency variation conditions. The generation of power, deviation of power in the tie line, and deviation of frequency of the interconnected three-area electrical energy system, including the hydrothermal steam power plant and gas power plant, will be measured and analyzed rigorously. Based on the output from the whale optimization, the fuzzy PID controller regulates the deviation of power in the tie line and the deviation of frequency of the interconnected three-area electrical energy system. The reliability and suitability of the proposed optimization, i.e., whale-optimized fuzzy PID controller, are investigated against already presented methods such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms.
Highlights
The importance of the responsibility of power and energy automatic generation control is in supplying the stipulated energy and power to the electrical loads with the least momentary fluctuation
A whale optimization algorithm was utilized to tune the parameter of a fuzzy PID controller to minimize the marginal cost, unscheduled interchange cost, and area control errors (ACEs) while maximizing the profit of a three-area electrical system
The whale optimization algorithm was compared with GA and PSO to test the suitability of the whale optimization algorithm
Summary
The importance of the responsibility of power and energy automatic generation control is in supplying the stipulated energy and power to the electrical loads with the least momentary fluctuation. The effect of a single time delay on a single area controller response is presented in [7]. The AGC controllers’ gains tuning by the graphical methods, considering the time delay, internal model control with model reduction, and the response of the control under the dynamic load demand for a remote area with a one-source electrical system model, are explored in [10, 11]. The load frequency control (LFC) issue with time delays for an interconnected three-area electrical system is addressed in [15]. In order to take into account the automated power production control system, the interconnected three-area electrical system modeled with separate generator numbers in the different contact delay areas is presented in International Journal of Photoenergy [16]. The interconnected three-area electrical system load frequency management with multiple turbine units is discussed in [16]
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