Automated closed-system manufacturing of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been successfully used for immunotherapy of cancer and infections. A major obstacle is the need for high-level class A cleanroom cGMP facilities for DC generation. The CliniMACS Prodigy® (Prodigy) represents a new platform integrating all GMP-compliant manufacturing steps in a closed system for automated production of various cellular products, notably T cells, NK cells and CD34+ cells. We now systematically tested its suitability for producing human mature monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), and optimized it by directly comparing the Prodigy approach to our established standard production of Mo-DCs from elutriated monocytes in dishes or bags. Upon step-by-step identification of an optimal cell concentration for the Prodigy's CentriCult culture chamber, the total yield (% of input CD14+ monocytes), phenotype, and functionality of mature Mo-DCs were equivalent to those generated by the standard protocol. Technician's labor time was comparable for both methods, but the Prodigy approach significantly reduced hands-on time and high-level clean room resources. In summary, using our optimized conditions for the CliniMACS Prodigy, human Mo-DCs for clinical application can be generated almost automatically in a fully closed system. A significant drawback of the Prodigy approach was, however, that due to the limited size of the CentriCult culture chamber, in contrast to our standard semi-closed elutriation approach, only one fourth of an apheresis could be processed at once.