Automated cardiac volume assessment and cardiac long- and short-axis imaging plane prediction from electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography volumes enabled by deep learning.

Abstract

AimsTo develop an automated method for bloodpool segmentation and imaging plane re-slicing of cardiac computed tomography (CT) via deep learning (DL) for clinical use in coronary artery disease (CAD) wall motion assessment and reproducible longitudinal imaging.Methods and resultsOne hundred patients who underwent clinically indicated cardiac CT scans with manually segmented left ventricle (LV) and left atrial (LA) chambers were used for training. For each patient, long-axis (LAX) and short-axis planes were manually defined by an imaging expert. A DL model was trained to predict bloodpool segmentations and imaging planes. Deep learning bloodpool segmentations showed close agreement with manual LV [median Dice: 0.91, Hausdorff distance (HD): 6.18 mm] and LA (Dice: 0.93, HD: 7.35 mm) segmentations and a strong correlation with manual ejection fraction (Pearson r: 0.95 LV, 0.92 LA). Predicted planes had low median location (6.96 mm) and angular orientation (7.96) errors which were comparable to inter-reader differences (P > 0.71). 84–97% of DL-prescribed LAX planes correctly intersected American Heart Association segments, which was comparable (P > 0.05) to manual slicing. In a test cohort of 144 patients, we evaluated the ability of the DL approach to provide diagnostic imaging planes. Visual scoring by two blinded experts determined ≥94% of DL-predicted planes to be diagnostically adequate. Further, DL-enabled visualization of LV wall motion abnormalities due to CAD and provided reproducible planes upon repeat imaging.ConclusionA volumetric, DL approach provides multiple chamber segmentations and can re-slice the imaging volume along standardized cardiac imaging planes for reproducible wall motion abnormality and functional assessment.