Automated analysis of near-term antepartum fetal heart rate in relation to fetal behavioral states: The Sonicaid System 5000

Abstract

Fetal heart rate and fetal movements were recorded in 16 uncomplicated near-term pregnancies. The recordings were used to evaluate a system for automated fetal heart rate analysis (Sonicaid System 8000). Fetal rest-activity patterns were considered in the analysis. The mean duration of C2F periods "active sleep," 33 minutes) was significantly greater than that of C1F periods ("quiet sleep," 19 minutes) (p less than 0.001). The incidence of accelerations and decelerations and the overall fetal heart rate variations were greater during C2F than during C1F (p less than 0.001). In 11 of 16 C1F periods, the system classified the fetal heart rate variation as "questionable" or "abnormal." Episodes of high variation were identified in only 3 of 16 C1F periods, but they were found in all 18 C2F periods. Episodes of low variation were identified in 14 of the 16 C1F periods but were not found in any C2F periods. During C2F periods, the system's criteria of normality were met in all cases but one; they were not met during any of the C1F periods. Thus the diagnosis of fetal distress should not be based merely on the absence of accelerations, low fetal heart rate variation, or absence of episodes of high variation in recordings with a duration of less than 45 minutes.