Abstract
We propose a universal method for the evaluation of generalized standard materials that greatly simplifies the material law implementation process. By means of automatic differentiation and a numerical integration scheme, AutoMat reduces the implementation effort to two potential functions. By moving AutoMat to the GPU, we close the performance gap to conventional evaluation routines and demonstrate in detail that the expression level reverse mode of automatic differentiation as well as its extension to second order derivatives can be applied inside CUDA kernels. We underline the effectiveness and the applicability of AutoMat by integrating it into the FFT-based homogenization scheme of Moulinec and Suquet and discuss the benefits of using AutoMat with respect to runtime and solution accuracy for an elasto-viscoplastic example.
Highlights
In recent years, the improving quality of micro x-ray computed tomography (CT) images led to a digitalization of the material characterization process for composites
In the context of material characterization, the physical description of the body leads to a partial differential equation (PDE) in which the behavior of the material itself is modeled in terms of a material
We focus on the class of generalized standard materials (GSM) [24], which we introduce in Sect
Summary
The improving quality of micro x-ray computed tomography (CT) images led to a digitalization of the material characterization process for composites. Computational Mechanics and exhibited excellent performance [34,35] The drawback of this approach consists in either loosing the small memory footprint or the need to calculate the tangential stiffness of the material laws in every iteration of the linear solver. We analyze the performance limiters of AutoMat, present design choices and optimizations of the GPU implementation and discuss overlap of CPU workloads, GPU workloads, and data exchange as well as reductions of the memory footprint. This is complemented by scaling studies in Sect.
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